防火卷帘门在具体运用中的发展趋势转变

时间：2019-09-29

防火卷帘门在在消防门中运用较为普遍的这种电动卷帘门，由片式防火卷帘门发展趋势为双片复合性，及双轨制双帘无机物布型，以便融入更强的防火安全规定各大防火门窗生产商都是在持续科学研究和探寻之中。

Fire-proof roll-curtain doors are widely used in fire doors. The development trend of electric roll-curtain doors is from sheet-type fire-proof roll-curtain doors to double-sheet composite and double-track double-curtain inorganic fabric, so as to integrate into stronger fire safety regulations. Major fire-proof doors and windows manufacturers are in the process of continuous scientific research and exploration.

初期的钢制防火卷帘门是双板式的，其帘面通常是用0.5～1.5mm厚的冷轧钢板经裁剪冷轧成的带条状帘片接双而成。双板式钢制防火卷帘门帘面具备构造简易、抗压强度高、抗气压、防盜、塑性好、加工、安装、使用都比较方便等优点，但耐火性能和隔热性能却很差。耐火性能差是因为在高温下钢材强力下降。比如普通低碳钢温度超过350℃，强力开始迅速下降，在500℃时其强力约为常温的1/2，600℃时强力约为常温的1/3。除此之外，不锈钢板材在必须溫度和地应力下，随时间流逝，会产生塑性形变。不锈钢板材在超低温下就会产生徐变，在高溫下徐变显著。如一般高碳钢通常在300～350℃、碳素钢在400～450℃时徐变显著，易造成形变，减少了防火安全特性。钢材隔热性能差是因为钢是热的良导体，导热系数大。根据燃烧理论和热学原理，燃烧、传热和温升是互相联系、互相作用、不可分割的物理现象。因为双板式钢制防火卷帘门帘面耐火性能差，当火灾事故产生时，房屋建筑内一瞬间造成的极大发热量从受火面根据导热、辐射热、对流传热等方法很多地传送到背火面，从而使背火面温度急剧上升。当背火面温度升至一些可燃物的燃点时，防火卷帘的防火性能就大大降低乃至丧失了。

In the early stage, the steel fire-proof rolling shutter door was double-plate type, and its curtain surface was usually made of 0.5-1.5mm thick cold-rolled steel sheet cut and cold-rolled strip curtain. Double-plate steel fire-proof rolling curtain door mask has the advantages of simple structure, high compressive strength, air pressure resistance, anti-theft, good plasticity, easy processing, installation and use, but its fire resistance and heat insulation performance are poor. The poor fire resistance is due to the decrease in strength of steel at high temperatures. For example, the strength of ordinary low carbon steel begins to decrease rapidly when the temperature exceeds 350 C. The strength is about 1/2 of normal temperature at 500 C and 1/3 of normal temperature at 600 C. In addition, the stainless steel sheet will produce plastic deformation with the passage of time under the necessary temperature and in-situ stress. The stainless steel sheet will produce creep at ultra-low temperature, which is significant at high temperature. For example, the creep of high carbon steel is obvious at 300-350 (?) and 400-450 (?) C, which can easily cause deformation and reduce the fire safety characteristics. The poor thermal insulation performance of steel is due to the fact that steel is a good conductor of heat and has a high thermal conductivity. According to combustion theory and thermal principle, combustion, heat transfer and temperature rise are interrelated, interacting and inseparable physical phenomena. Because the fireproof performance of double-plate steel fire-proof roll curtain door curtain is poor, when a fire accident occurs, the maximum heat generated in a moment in the building is transferred from the fire surface to the back surface according to heat conduction, radiation, convective heat and other methods, so that the temperature of the back surface rises sharply. When the back fire temperature rises to the ignition point of some combustibles, the fire resistance of the fire-proof roll curtain will be greatly reduced or even lost.

中后期复合性钢制防火卷帘门是现阶段中国应用较多的防火卷帘门。与双板式钢制防火卷帘门对比，因为构造的改善，使之除保存双板式钢制防火卷帘门的优势外，耐火性能也是明显增强。从帘面结构上讲，复合型钢质防火卷帘帘面是由两层薄钢带中间夹一层无机纤维隔热材料组成的复合夹芯帘片串接而成。目前各厂家使用的无机纤维隔热材料主要有岩棉、矿棉、玻璃棉或硅酸铝纤维等。由于无机纤维导热系数小，因此复合型钢质防火卷帘隔热性能比单板钢质防火卷帘有较大提高。然而，从表1可以看出：对于岩棉、矿棉和玻璃棉纤维，其最高使用温度均低于国际标准升温曲线1小时的924℃。假如不考虑钢板本身的隔热作用，理论上除非有足够的厚度，否则这三种材料根本不能满足《高规》中关于防火卷帘耐火极限≥3小时的标准。事实上，由于受复合型钢质卷帘帘片结构的限制，我国目前市场上复合型钢质防火卷帘无机纤维层一般不超过20mm且不是连续层，这个厚度远远不能保证防火卷帘耐火极限≥3小时而背火面温升又不≥140℃。对于硅酸铝纤维，虽然耐高温达到1200℃以上，但≤20mm的单层厚度也远远不能满足耐火极限≥3小时的条件。所以说复合型钢质防火卷帘虽然比单板式钢质防火卷帘防火隔热性能有明显改善，但仍不能克服单板式钢质防火卷帘的主要缺陷，无法满足《高规》新标准的要求。

Composite steel fire-proof roll-curtain doors are widely used in China at present. Compared with double-plate steel fire-proof roll-curtain doors, the improved structure not only preserves the advantages of double-plate steel fire-proof roll-curtain doors, but also significantly improves the fire resistance. In terms of curtain structure, the composite steel fire-proof roll curtain is composed of two thin steel strips and a layer of inorganic fiber insulation material. At present, the inorganic fiber insulation materials used by various manufacturers mainly include rock wool, mineral wool, glass wool or aluminium silicate fibers. Because of the small thermal conductivity of inorganic fibers, the thermal insulation performance of composite steel fire-proof roll curtain is better than that of single-board steel fire-proof roll curtain. However, as can be seen from table 1, the maximum temperature of rock wool, mineral wool and glass wool fibers is lower than 924 C of the international standard temperature curve for one hour. If the thermal insulation of the steel plate is not considered, theoretically, unless there is enough thickness, the three materials can not meet the fire resistance limit of the fire-proof roll curtain (> 3 hours) in the High Regulations. In fact, due to the restriction of composite steel curtain structure, the inorganic fiber layer of composite steel fireproof curtain is not more than 20 mm and is not a continuous layer. This thickness can not guarantee the fireproof limit of fireproof curtain (> 3 hours) and the temperature rise of backfire surface (> 140 C). For aluminium silicate fibers, the single layer thickness (<20mm) can="" not="" meet="" the="" condition="" of="" fire="" resistance="" limit="">3 hours), although the high temperature resistance is above 1200 C. Therefore, although the performance of composite steel fire-proof roll curtain is obviously improved than that of single-plate steel fire-proof roll curtain, it still can not overcome the main defects of single-plate steel fire-proof roll curtain and can not meet the requirements of the new standard of "High Regulations".

现阶段特等无机物布双轨制双帘防火卷帘门因其帘体很轻，碰到高溫的那时候不形变，在耐火等级、噪音、热辐射、大洞边等多选指标值优势比较明显，表层耐腐蚀浸蚀，使用期更长；等自己独有的特点，克服了上钢质防火卷帘门的缺点得到了广泛应用。泛应用。

At the present stage, the special inorganic double-track fire-proof roll-curtain door with double curtain is light and does not deform when it meets high temperature. It has obvious advantages in fire-resistant grade, noise, thermal radiation, large hole edge and other selected index values. The surface is corrosion-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and its service life is longer. Its unique characteristics overcome the steel fire-proof roll. The drawbacks of curtain doors have been widely used. Extensive application.

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